Princess Alexandra Hospital is Queensland's major centre for liver and kidney transplants.

The Queensland Liver Transplant Service performs more than 50 liver transplants each year. The hospital performed Australia's first successful liver transplant in 1985; it made history again in 1986 by initiating the "Brisbane technique", a method for splitting donated livers to benefit three recipients.

The Queensland Renal Transplant Service performs more than 110 kidney transplants each year, more than any other unit in the Southern Hemisphere. It also provide ongoing, follow-up care for hundreds of kidney transplant recipients. The service enjoys the best patient survival rates of any dialysis and kidney transplant centre in Australia and New Zealand.